Women and health care providers alike crave a simple explanation for low desire. And it would be awesome if desire could be wrapped up in a pretty, tidy little box of solutions. Sexual desire is fascinating, rich, complex and messy. This is why I love what I do.
It is normal to have different levels of desire, at different times, than a partner. This is a discrepancy of desire. While not abnormal, desire discrepancies between partners may have a negative impact on relationships and may require some navigation skills.
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Chronic stress is a major showstopper when it comes to sexual desire. As a society, we are consumed by busyness and distraction. Stress reduction techniques have been shown to improve sexual desire and include mindfulness and yoga.
Many medications negatively impact sexual desire. For example, many people take antidepressants, and while moods may improve, antidepressants often do not improve sexual desire, arousal or orgasms. Adjustments to medications might be an option but sometimes we need strategies that work around our necessary medications.
Flibanserin (Addyi) is a daily oral pill. Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) is a self-injection prior to anticipated sexual activity. Both seem to provide some improvement in desire for a subset of women. They are not without side effects and may not be appropriate for all women. And long-term safety data is still lacking. However, for low desire that is not attributed to an identifiable cause, these medications might an effective addition to our treatment plans.
Subjective theories of wellbeing are those theories that deny that something can benefit a person without that person holding a pro-attitude towards that thing, and affirm that, at least under certain conditions, holding a pro-attitude towards an object or states of affairs is sufficient for it to benefit that person. While the argument discussed here has bearing on a wider range of subjective theories, I will focus on the most straightforward subjective theory: simple desire-satisfactionism (henceforth DS) as a representative for subjectivist theories. Alternative subjectivist theories are similar in structure, and consequently, the shift from subjectivism to DS will simplify this discussion, without restricting its implications. According to simple DS, wellbeing is constituted solely by the satisfaction (and frustration) of our desires. We can formulate this more precisely as follows (Barrett 2019; van der Deijl and Brouwer 2021):
In the following, I will follow this definition, but the argument does not depend on all particulars. What is essential for the argument is that for DS, what is good for someone is that their desires are satisfied, and that these desires are held at specific points in time, and can (and typically do) change over time. To say that our wellbeing is constituted by the satisfaction of desire is to say that our wellbeing depends on the satisfaction of desires held at particular times.
Many theories of DS limit the desires that count towards wellbeing to the ones we would have under some idealized conditions, such as the ones we would hold would we be fully informed and rational. I focus on the simple, non-idealized, account of DS, but my conclusions do not depend on this.
Homework: Ben really likes computer games, is good at school, but does not enjoy it. While Ben strongly dislikes preparing for his high school exam, and has no desire to study, work, or live an adult life, he realizes that doing well in school has future benefits. His parents have correctly predicted that the things he finds desirable now will not remain desirable to him forever, and that doing well in school will help him achieve his desires that he is likely to develop, but not yet has.
However, on rival views, all non-subjectivism about pleasure,Footnote 10 pleasures exist independent of our attitudes towards them. On such accounts of pleasure, certain experiences can be pleasurable, even if someone does not desire, or value them. This results in an objective version of hedonism. On one prominent version of that view, pleasures just are those feelings that feel good (Crisp 2006; Smuts 2011).
A first objection the defender of DS can raise is that I have only shown that hedonism and DS are both compatible with RC. It may be that DS is still better able to meet narrow RC than objective hedonism, and that this still counts in favor of DS over objective hedonism. Desiring something, a defender of DS may suggest, is more indicative of an attraction towards something than taking pleasure in something. A defender of DS may argue that pleasure only presupposes an attraction towards a feeling, which is a more superficial type of attraction than the attraction towards an object of desire. This may especially be the case if we do not look at simple DS, but only count those desires that are rational and informed.
This objection misses its mark because while the attraction we feel towards some feelings of pleasure may indeed be superficial, some of our desires are superficial too. We may feel the desire to eat lots of candy, sleep with people we have no emotional connection with, or drink like there is no tomorrow. None of these desires are more indicative of a deep attraction than our attraction towards pleasurable feelings, and none will necessarily go away if we would be more informed or rational.
Formulated in terms of attraction, this would imply that it is not only required that what is good for a subject is attractive to that subject, but the better something is for a subject, the more attracted a subject must be to that good or state of affairs. However, for both discussed cases, this relation is reversed, out of the two options that we considered the option that is best for the subject, is the one that they find least attractive. Ben finds the life of studying least attractive, while it is the one that contains most desire-satisfaction.
In fact, on the time-of-desire view of the benefit of desire-satisfaction, it is necessarily true that a person will be attracted to the wellbeing benefits they receive when they receive them, as the benefit takes place when a person holds a desire for some good or state of affairs.
Gutiar Pro Tab "Edge Of Desire" from Mayer, John band is free to download.Tablature file Mayer, John - Edge Of Desire opens by means of the Guitar PRO program. This program is available todownloading on our site.
After 270,000+ downloads on my podcast - The Multiorgasmic Millionaire, being voted one of the top 20 sex coaches in the world, and working with hundreds of paying clients, I've learned a lot about what it takes to help high-achieving individuals integrate things like lack of desire, shame, guilt, fear, and numbness and help them feel amazing in their body and sexuality.
Despite the extensive research on fertility desires among women the world over, there is a relative dearth of literature on the desire for more children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study, therefore, examined the desire for more children and its predictors among childbearing women in SSA.
Couples are able to achieve their fertility desires and pregnancy spacing by using modern contraceptives [5]. However, contraceptive use and other family planning strategies are considered to be low in SSA, and this has increased mistimed and unwanted pregnancies, as well as high youth dependency [6,7,8]. This reveals that desire for more children is of great concern for women in their reproductive ages in SSA [2]. It is estimated that, in SSA, contraceptive use among women in union is below 22%, compared with 86% in East Asia and 72% in Latin America and the Caribbean [9]. It has also been revealed that, in parts of SSA, more than 50% of women with four or more children still desire to have more children [10].
Majority of studies on fertility desire over the world have adopted a country-specific focus, paying attention to Nigeria [23], Iran [24], Nepal [25], and Uganda [2], with a few focusing on broader geographical areas such as East Africa [26], and Nigeria and Ghana [12]. Despite this extensive research, there is a relative paucity of literature on the fertility desires in SSA, as most countries in SSA are yet to feature in studies of this kind. The present study attempts to fill this gap by assessing the prevalence of desire for more children and its determinants among childbearing women in 32 countries in SSA.
The proportion of childbearing women who have desire for more children in SSA is presented in Fig. 1. The overall prevalence of the desire for more children was 64.95%, ranging from 34.9% in South Africa to 89.43% in Niger.
This study sought to assess the prevalence of desire for more children and its determinants among 232,784 childbearing women in SSA underpinned by the demand-supply framework on fertility by Easterlin [18]. The study found that 64.95% of women desired more children, and this ranged from 34.9% in South Africa to 89.34% in Niger. This finding is comparable to previous studies [34, 35]. However, it is higher than what was found in other studies [36,37,38]. The possible pathways to explain the differences in the study findings could be differences in study scope and setting, the population sample, and the time these studies were carried out. The higher prevalence of desire for more children recorded in this study could also be attributed to the general importance attached to more children in most parts of SSA [34, 35, 39].
Channon and Harper [47] also espoused that, in contemporary era, women have competing life goals and this usually translates into less demand for children [17]. They maintained that, for highly educated women, it is sometimes problematic for them to combine many children and life goals such as occupying certain managerial position that will not allow certain amount of maternity leave within a given period. Rabbi [48] also explained that highly educated mothers might be exposed to the various disadvantages associated with high fertility. Similarly, employed mothers always seek for less number of children, as it becomes harder for them to take good care of their children after maintaining the job [48, 49]. The study also showed that women who are in the rural areas are more likely to desire for more children, compared to women in urban areas. This is consistent with what was reported in the context of Bangladesh [48]. 2ff7e9595c
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