As for hardware security, Microsoft learned their lesson from the original Xbox and locked the 360 down tight; for one, the boot ROM was contained directly inside the CPU, which also contained a unique CPU key that was tied directly to the motherboard. The CPU also utilized eFuses, which "blew" every time a firmware update was downloaded to prevent downgrading. Finally, Microsoft installed a Hypervisor (basically a virtual machine) in the console to prevent the execution of unsigned code, reading data from the buses, or editing RAM. However, it wasn't flawless. Firmware revision 4532 introduced an exploit that allowed hackers to modify a shader on the video game adaptation of King Kong (2005) to open the system up to arbitrary code execution, albeit you needed custom DVD drive firmware to run a DVD-R with the hacked game on it. But Microsoft responded quickly and patched out this exploit in the firmware before hackers could make this exploit public knowledge. That wasn't the end though. Hackers then discovered that the system's SMC chip disabled system debugging features upon startup, and found a way to bypass the disabling of the CPU and GPU "JTAG" ports, bypass the eFuses and downgrade to revision 4532, allowing the use of the "King Kong exploit". Other exploits involving the JTAG were discovered before Microsoft ultimately fixed them at the hardware level with the Zephyr, Opus, and Jasper models, and with the Red Ring of Death issues on earlier models, these earlier "hackable" models were undesirable and for years the Xbox 360 remained locked down until 2011, when the CPU's thread management code was brute-forced to allow for custom firmware, therefore cracking the system wide open. Despite this, the Xbox 360's security system still succeeded at what it set out to do, which was to protect the system from hackers until the system's twilight years.
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